Alzheimer disease and non-genetic risk factors

Identification and Functional Characterization of Genetic Risk Factors in Alzheimer ́s Disease

Alzheimer disease: epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors and biomarkers.

The global prevalence of dementia is as high as 24 million, and has been predicted to quadruple by the year 2050. In the US alone, Alzheimer disease (AD) - the most frequent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function in particular the memory domain - causes estimated health-care costs of $ 172 billion per year. Key neuropathological hallmarks of the AD brain ...

Risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease and vascular cognitive impairment are important causes of cognitive decline in the elderly. It has now been shown that vascular risk factors have measurable negative effects on the brain and are associated with cognitive impairment. We review vascular factors that might be responsible to cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease and vascular cognitive impairment and the correspon...

Molecular mechanisms of the genetic risk factors in pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the extensive deposition of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Until recently, only the APOE gene had been known as a genetic risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD), which accounts for more than 95% of all AD cases. However, in addition to this well-established genetic risk factor, genome-wide association studies have...

Disclosing Pleiotropic Effects During Genetic Risk Assessment for Alzheimer Disease.

BACKGROUND Increasing use of genetic testing raises questions about disclosing secondary findings, including pleiotropic information. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and behavioral effect of disclosing modest associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk during APOE-based genetic risk assessments for Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN Randomized,...